Broad-Based Blac Economic Empowerment - 996 Words

Broad-Based Black economic empowerment (BBBEE) is a program exercised in the South African business structure whereby formerly disadvantaged racial groups are given economic opportunities that were not previously available to them, in an attempt to rectify the inequalities of the past. The goal of Broad-Based Empowerment is to distribute wealth across as broad a spectrum of previously disadvantaged South African society as possible. The aim of this article is to discuss the ethical consequences of BBBEE and other affirmative action tools implemented by the South African Government, and the role of these measures in the present and future workplace. Stakeholder Theory Stakeholder theory states that managers within a company have a moral duty beyond merely maximizing profits and not involving potential role players (Beauchamp 2009). It says that a manager has ethical obligations to help all stakeholders within a company as well as external stakeholders. These stakeholders include company employees, customers, investors and the society in which the company is situated. Managers have to make decisions in such a way that they don’t do anything illegal or morally frowned upon by society. The manager has to act on behalf of, and in the interest of both the companys shareholders and stakeholders. These actions need to be followed through regardless of whether or not the long term results benefit the companys shareholders – they should benefit all their stakeholders. Other

Nature vs Nurture Do Genes Or Environment Matter More...

In an attempt to understand human behavior, professionals for centuries have looked at the nature vs. nurture theory. While it is known that the physical traits such of eye or hair color have to do with nature, some strongly believe that the way people behave such as in personality and intelligence, have to do with genetic makeup and some believe that people behave a certain way solely due to their environment. Professor Jerome Kagan, from Harvard opened up a brand new world and offers hope for those who behave a certain way. He pointed out that two year old Marjorie unlike other children her age started out shy, a tendency he believed she inherited and while it is true that Marjorie cannot change the fact that she is a girl there are†¦show more content†¦His research also shows that 80 percent of previously shy children was able to conquer their shyness. Later on in life will the new programming be all in vain is the real question. There are no real data for humans yet but Stephen Suomi from the National Institute of child Health and Human Development has good news. He studied monkeys with the same tendency to shyness as that found in humans and discovered that given the right circumstances and instructions, a shy monkey not only will overcome shyness but can even become a leader. The battle is not over because her children are in danger if not trained also. Parents are not hopelessly left in the dark. They can encourage behavior they want to draw out. Non smiling babies should be smiled at constantly and persistently even in cases where the reason for not smiling is physical says Greenspan. Too much emphasis is placed on early childhood say Michael Lewis, director of the institute for the study of Child Develop-merit. He went on to say that there are no guarantees that things will turn out fine for those who had a pleasant ch ildhood since the environment is constantly changing. Robert Cloninger, a professor of psychiatry and genetics, feels that children cannot be control constantly and while there is a place for the research, parents should rely on the one tool that they have and that is their parentalShow MoreRelatedNature vs Nurture: Do Genes Or Environment Matter More? Essay1300 Words   |  6 PagesNature versus nurture has emerged as one of the most heated debates in the 21st century. It is more aligned towards the internal and external factors that comprise human beings behavior. The internal factors are innate and perceived to be genetically revolved as opposed to the external factors that are influenced by the environment and individuals’ experiences. However, scholars in different fields have researched on the relationship between nature and nurture without due success and this has createdRead MoreNature vs Nurture: Do Genes Or Environment Matter More? Essay778 Words   |  4 Pagest o our environment and surroundings. We have all tried to hide our true personality in order to be accepted, and have imitated other people. A person’s personality changes as they are exposed to different situations. Since the person changed, one will find a new way to deal with different situations. After, they might influence their friends to change as well. However, the changes could be on the good side or the bad side. This is how nurture changes us over time. Nurture is the environment that weRead MoreNature vs Nurture: Do Genes Or Environment Matter More? Essay1037 Words   |  5 Pageswill be forever or if the society they grow in creates all of their attributes. This nature versus nurture debate affects many aspects of life, including the treatment of serial killers and psychopaths, and recognition of emotional and mental disorders, the acceptance of homosexuality, and even video game regulation. The nature theory states that only a person’s genes develop their personality, while the nurture theory states that personality is developed only because of the impact of societyRead MoreNature vs Nurture: Do Genes Or Environment Matter More? Essay936 Words   |  4 Pagesour genes, our environment, or in the way we are raised? For years, there has been an on-going debate between nature and nurture. T.H. White, author of The Once and Future King, explores the debate through many of the book’s characters. The issue clearly appears in the relationship of Queen Morgause and her sons, the Orkney brothers. The debate caused people to pick a side, to pick nature over nurture, or nurture over nature. However, it does not have to be one or the other. Nature and nurture workRead MoreNature vs Nurture: Do Genes Or Environment Matter More? Essay566 Words   |  3 Pagesovercame my shyness and I changed into an outgoing person. As many people have begun to pay attention to formation of personality, the debate over nature vs. nurture has raged for a long time and this issue is still controversial. However, as shown the experience above, I believe that people’s personalities are determined by their environment rather than by their genetics for the following reasons. One reason is that people’s personalities are not eternal and their personalities constantly changeRead MoreNature vs Nurture: Do Genes Or Environment Matter More? Essay492 Words   |  2 Pageswhen it deals with the nature and nurture aspects, hearing the word nature and then hearing the word nurture, someone might have to think about which one is which. Plus, which one contributes the most to what kind of person someone will end up being? The overall, nature cannot be changed and nurture can have such a universal variance of inputs that it would be difficult to distinguish which one had the greater influence. Categorizing what is nature can be done by placing nature with the heredity aspectsRead MoreNature vs. Nurture1117 Words   |  5 PagesThe nature versus nurture debate is one of the oldest issues in sociology (Davidson, 1991, n.p.). The debate centers on the relative contributions of genetics and environmental factors to human behavior (Davidson, 1991, n.p.). Today, the majority of experts believe that behavior and development are influenced by both nature and nurture (Macionis, 2009, p. 73). The biggest question now is which one affects human development more: nature or nurture? According to Macionis (2009, p. 72), in the pastRead MoreThe Effect Of Environmental And Genetics On The Development Of A Person1000 Words   |  4 PagesOne of these oldest arguments in the history of psychology is the debate of whether or not ones environment or genetic background plays more of a role in the development of a person. Both nature and nurture have been proven to play an important role in one’s development. Nature is what we think of as pre-wiring and is influenced by genetic inheritance and other biological factors. Nurture is generally taken as the influence of external factors after conception e.g. the product of exposure, experienceRead MoreNature Vs. Nurture Debate1332 Words   |  6 PagesNature vs Nurture debate is one of the oldest arguments in the history of psychology. The debate is about to know if our personality and talents come from our parent or environment? The coding of genes in each cell in humans determine the different traits that we have, more physical attributes dominance like ear size, eye colour, , height, hair colour and other traits. However, it is still not known whether the more abstract attributes like, intelligence, sexual orientation, personality, preferencesRead More Postion Paper: Nature Vs. Nurture712 Words   |  3 Pages Position Paper: Nature vs. Nurture nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The controversy of nature vs. nurture has been going on for many years, and a decision has not yet been reached in which one is the most affective. Using the results of the countless tests done, everyday situations, and the twins experiment, I will prove that nature is a larger contributor to the outcome of our personalities than nurture. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Firstly, many psychologists and Universities, such as Harvard,

Strategic Information of Nippy’s Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Information of Nippys. Answer: Introduction The company we will talking about is Nippys manufacturing, who are specialized in orange juices . It is founded in 1930, and still doing what it does best that is producing fresh juices for Australian people. They have very horizontal organization structure in which all the managers take the decision as per the situation and demand of their respective department. Operational Problems The company has been using two accounting software, which are both difficult to operate as well as costly to maintain. The systems are not able to get the desired reports, there were always calculation mismatch due to two accounting softwares. Literature Review System acquisition Method Indeed, even 10 years back, the request and utilization of cloud based bookkeeping programming was immaterial in Australia. Reliance on conventional method for bookkeeping was very high among business firms. Manual bookkeeping passages with the utilization of pen and paper was a typical situation in Australia amid the 80s. Be that as it may, presentation of a few bookkeeping programming along with Excel spreadsheets had changed the arrangement of bookkeeping capacity in the nation amid 90s decade. Nonetheless, Brender and Markov (2013) specified that the real constraint of predictable accounting programming is that the same can't be associated with the web in addition to that, it is subject to establishment on the computer framework. The cloud based programming is anything but difficult to utilize, web based and coordinated in nature. These have added to the developing prominence of bookkeeping programming bundles in the nation. In the perspective of Christauskas and Miseviciene ( 20 12 ) , this cloud based bookkeeping programming bundles has turned out to be more than a basic bookkeeping bundle to a business administration apparatus. The primary test confronted by the business undertakings amid the 2000's was absence of incorporation as the diverse components of bookkeeping capacities were not ready to interface with each other. There was absence of coordination among deals, buy and stock administration. Then again, with the expanded complexities in directions, even non - bookkeeping disciplines felt the need to develop past straightforward exceed expectations sheets. This prompted the production of particular modules such as tax evaluation, consistence capacity, secretarial competence as well as economics. Be that as it may, these capacities were required to be incorporated with the back office facility. This was for the most part because of the issues confronted by established bookkeepers in utilizing cloud based bookkeeping programming. Notwithstanding, circumstance have changed in Australia at give the interest for cloud based bookkeeping programming getting wide prominence among business firms in Australia. Control problems and system Systems The restrictions of the conventional bookkeeping framework are overwhelmed by the bookkeeping software packages accessible in the market. The Xero, Intuit Quickbooks, Reckon, Saasu, MYOB are some of the main names in such manner. Here, it is imperative to note that due to immense market rivalry, the components as well as administrations platform offered by the present bookkeeping programming are almost similar. In this context, Cleary and Quinn(2016)mentioned that automation as well as integration of bookkeeping capacities are the two important factors offered by accounting softwares. These two factors in addition increment the aggressive edge of the organizations over the rivals. The most prominent elements of bookkeeping programming bundles are simple invoicing, quick bank reconciliation, openness through portable based applications, speedier stock administration, smart reports as well as dashboards, incorporated finance, costs guaranteeing and online bill payment. In addition, the se bookkeeping programming likewise permit multi-cash exchanges, filling of GST returns, producing buy orders as well as deals orders, making business intelligence dashboards along with well settled resources bookkeeping. Here, it is essential to take note of that these accounting programming bundles are generally cloud based programming which further allows multiple access to bookkeeping data. Market request: The interest for any item is dictated by the clients of the product in the market as in this case is the bookkeeping softwares. In this specific situation, Marand et al. (2013) said that market interest for cloud based bookkeeping programming has been expanded quickly in Australia among various diverse organizations. The expanding interest for the cloud based bookkeeping programming can be credited to the mechanization offices offered by such programming. Then again, z demir and Elita? (2015) expressed that cloud based bookkeeping packages not required to be introduced on systems moreover they can be utilized from any type of gadget having web association. These elements of cloud based bookkeeping programming are likewise adding to the rising interest for the product in the market. There are expectation for organizations like Nippys to choose a product bundle in light of claim size of operations, business nature and keeping money prerequisites. Be that as it may, the prevalence of bo okkeeping programming bundles is by all accounts more if there should be an occurrence of little and medium scale associations contrasted with huge associations. Extensive scale associations like Coles, Woolworths and others like to perform bookkeeping capacities in the traditional route supported by cutting edge innovations. Problems possible in the system Price Execution of bookkeeping programming bundles is not all that simple. As specified by Pendley (2015) , notwithstanding the cost of bookkeeping programming a firm is required to have least norms of framework use as far as processor speed, RAM and hard drive memory. Production of back - up information and specialized help in relation to the utilization of the product likewise devours extra expenses. Besides, memberships or month to month rental for the vast majority of the product are principally in view of the inclusion of components along with number of clients permitted by the product. This further expands the price of accounting programming bundles. This frequently ends up noticeably trying for little scale firms to hold up under such cost of bookkeeping bundles. Trouble being used: The issue with this type of bookkeeping programming is that these are not in view of conformist framework as well as have possessed exactness. Staffs familiar with the customary bookkeeping strategies shall almost certainly tackle disputes in utilizing the product. This expects firms like Nippys to organize extra preparing office for the staffs to utilize the bookkeeping delicate product. Indeed, odds of submitting mistakes are very high amid the underlying period of the usage. Time Boundation At first, the preparing time for making solicitations as well as costs in the product would take additional time when contrasted with essentially recording the same in an exceed expectations sheet or a record. Be that as it may, the speed of bookkeeping runs up with the advance of time when the staffs progresses toward becoming habituated to the utilization of bookkeeping programming. In this unique situation, Marand et al. (2013) assumed that usage of bookkeeping programming shall prompt transitory stoppage of business operations. Cost streamlining: The cost related with the buying as well as utilization of software can be repaid by firms by concentrating on cost diminution as well as price management. It is fitting for business firms such as Nippys manufacturing to distinguish non - esteem including business exercises plus it shall take out the same to lessen asset wastage. Risk from cybercrimes: A notable issue related with the cloud based bookkeeping programming is that the same depends on web. This raises the peril of digital violations, which might lead to dire outcome. The ledger of the business is likewise connected to cloud based bookkeeping programming which enables the proprietor to access the account balance from anywhere. Be that as it may, this expands the odds of cybercrimes such as identity theft, phishing using Emails, malware and stealing of organization data . Privacy of business data may be in danger. Market Condition At present in Australia, there are two major software companies that are market leaders in bookkeeping or accounting softwares. The Xero and MYOB, these companies have advantage over other in terms of product development and reliability factors. These companies have been active in Australia from the past decade and they cover quite lot of ground. Xero have engaged individual accountants, SMEs and start ups for its refresh content and communication with its users. But the MYOB, with its unique blend of robustness have quickly gain popularity among the accountants and companies. With MYOB user friendly interface and dashboard reporting, the ground breaking competition started in the market. Both the companies are day by day improving the product for the various advantages to be given the users. Recommendations There ample products for Nippys but they have selected the vendor with the help of following procedure: In the end, MYOB have been considered, after long examination of the companies need to go away from two accounting systems. However, other systems are also very good but they have their own limitations. The accompanying proposals have been created for better usage of cloud based bookkeeping programming for Nippys manufacturing business purposes: Instructional meetings: This software is the perfect fit for the business to organize earlier instructional courses to make such staffs outfit with specialized aptitudes to utilize cloud based bookkeeping programming. Here, it is imperative to prepare staffs equally to sustain the particular input information into the software in addition utilize its various section of the product. Establishment Security layer in the bookkeeping or accounting software: It is prescribed for the businesses to purchase and actualize against cyber crimes or malware intrusion in their system. To lessen the danger of cybercrimes because of online nature of bookkeeping programming MYOD is the perfect fit for its encryption technique used. This could make the whole bookkeeping framework more secured as well as free from the danger of loss of privacy. Result This literature review has outlined the most notable advancement of bookkeeping programming bundles in Nippys manufacturing, one of the leading Food beverages company in Australia. It is discovered that the utilization of cloud based bookkeeping programming has for the most part expanded among the most prominent business endeavors in Australia. The review also uncovered that continuous stock administration, invoice management, account exchanges via web based interface as well as incorporation of finance are a portion of the main components of cloud based bookkeeping programming. Be that as it may, it is recommended for the all organizations to cloud based bookkeeping or accounting solution which has advance features of security as well as reliable costing methods. References Brender, N. and Markov, I., 2013. Risk perception and ri sk management in cloud computing: Results from a case study of Swiss companies. International journal of information management , 33 (5), pp.726 - 733. Christauskas, C. and Miseviciene, R., 2012. Cloud computing based accounting for small to medium sized business. Engineering Economics , 23 (1), pp.14 - 21. Cleary, P. and Quinn, M., 2016. Intellectual capital and business performance: An exploratory study of the impact of cloud - based accounting and finance infrastructure. Journal of Intellectual Capital , 17 (2) , pp.255 - 278. Marand, A.A., Marand, E.A. and Dashtebayaz, M.L., 2013. Investigating the effects of cloud computing on accounting and its comparison with traditional models. Advances in Environmental Biology , 7 (10 S1), pp.2836 - 2847. zdemir, S. and Elita?, C., 2015. The Risks of Cloud Computing in Accounting Field and the Solution Offers: The Case of Turkey. Pendley, J.A., 2015. Information Security and Cloud ? Based Computing: Tools for the Corporate Treasurer. Journal of Corporate Accounting Finance , 26 (3), pp.27 - 30.

Research Proposal about Naked Marriage

Abstract Basically, naked marriage could arise from a societal process that influences the choices of the young people when it cones to marital issues. When one marries without acquiring certain necessities such as a house where the couple will stay, a car for easy transportation and enough income to arrange for a colorful wedding, the act is called naked marriage.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Research Proposal about Naked Marriage specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is important to understand that various researchers have come up with several explanations about the issue of naked marriage. Nevertheless, one explanation that clearly stands out is that naked marriage is ultimately about engaging in a relationship and subsequently marrying without first acquiring a house, car and inability to organize wedding for the new couple. Notably, the explanations expose the meaning and the results of naked marriage. It is believed that the focused people should aim at having a happy family through working hard and acquiring the mentioned necessities before the actual marriage date. Notably, naked marriage could be employed in any particular matrimonial institution or setting, and has the potential to determine the development and success of the couple. Introduction The issue of naked marriage is on the rise in the Asian region, a situation worrying most of the parents. Since the youth get married without first acquiring a house, a car or without any proper arrangement for a wedding, their parents are forced to lend hand and cater for the cost of all those items. In the modern China, naked marriage has created debate on its acceptability among the people and communities in the country. Therefore, the debate has focused on the impacts of such marriages, which together form a phenomenon called Luohun in China. This paper is a research proposal about the phenomenon of Luohun. Research Question The res earch will aim to establish if the young generation in China accepts the phenomenon of Luohun or naked marriage. In addition, the research will also examine the relationship between Luohun and the society in the context of China, and its impacts on the entire country. These particular issues will help the researcher to understand the phenomenon, whether it is acceptable and the consequences of the practice. The specific research questions are; first, does the young generation accept Luohun? Second question is; what is the relationship between Luohun and the perception of the entire society?Advertising Looking for report on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Significance of the Study Considering this study, the researcher will establish a proper explanation for the phenomenon and discover the potential problems, which are associated with Luohun. The research is also important because it would provide insights on the relationship between the societal advancement and the people’s perception about Luohun. Interview Ten Interview Questions were as follows In your opinion, what kind of marriage is Luohun? Do you accept this kind of Marriage? What is the rationale of your position? If circumstances allowed you, would this kind of marriage appeal to you? What advise would you give to the young people engaging in Luohun? Do you think the society is ready for this phenomenon called Luohun? What is the society doing about Luohun? Is there any societal attempt to reduce or advocate for the practice? Is there probability of divorce between the couple who have Luohun? What would you tell those who already have engaged in Luohun? What do you think is the future of Luohun, in terms of acceptability, practicality and viability? Interview Results and Analysis The following discussion presents an analysis of responses, which were recorded from the Participants for the research questions. There were participants who assumed that naked marriage is an inheritable trait in some families or communities. Notably, this perception tends to explain that since the young people might have noted that other family members engaged in naked marriage, they too decided to marry without proper arrangement, taking it as normal (Allan, 2012). As a result, this viewpoint portrays the people who engage in naked marriage as harried and actually destined to perpetuate such ideologies in the society (Lan, 1991). According the respondents with immense knowledge on the issue of naked marriage, they argue that the act is on the increase due to improper education on the impacts of the matter. This is because of the practicing community has dynamic views and are majorly concerned with the perceptions of young people who increasingly embrace the different forms of naked marriages (Ford, 2011). In fact, the research shows that the various people tend to appreciate their own lifestyle and the choices they mak e (McCarthy, 2007). Therefore, unavoidable circumstances such as infatuation was also cited as one of the factors forcing the youth to marry before making adequate arrangements with their partners and parents, thus throwing the burden to the latter to provide them with accommodation, a car and perhaps a decent wedding (Graham, 2012). Some respondents argued that the phenomenon is a trait factor. Such respondents believed that the different people inherit certain traits and qualities that would make them think their decision is right, thus engaging in naked marriage is not bad. Basically, they assumed that biological factors contribute to the practice of naked marriage among the youth.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Research Proposal about Naked Marriage specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, their position was somewhat controversial as it could not justify the importance of naked marriage mainly because the practicing community has different beliefs, ideas and likes of the people, thus propagate naked marriage at a rampant rate (Sun, 2008). It is also important to observe that some respondents noted that the phenomenon has taken a dynamic turn and keeps changing, depending on the desires and lifestyle of the young people, a position the majority of the participants shared. The other respondents argued that naked marriage is a matter of eventuality. The respondents who shared this view constituted the majority and argued that there are particular need factors responsible for the youth’s engagement in Luohun. The assumptions were that those factors tend to focus on various variables that have relations to the specific type of environment that is most likely to act as the determinant to the kind of naked marriage style applied in that particular environment (Vallotton Vallotton, 2011). In addition, the respondents postulated that the ideological differences among the youth played a role on the rise Luohun, thus there is no specific justification that is considered best in every situation. This means the circumstances under which one makes a decision about marriage differs significantly, and explains the variations in marriage choices. Basically, it means that success of any naked marriage actually depends on variables, which include the style, one’s background, the quality of the partners’ lifestyle, as well as the situation (Xinzhen, 2010). Indeed, this view was shared by a number of respondents. A number of respondents also understood naked marriage as being caused by the situation of the couples. In their explanation, the respondents argued that when a mature person decides to marry, the situational barriers would not deter him from proposing an engagement and going a head with the plan despite inadequacy that the person may be experiencing at the time. According to many of the respondents, the fact that naked marriage is on the rise does n ot mean that it is generally accepted. Indeed, the experts argue that the young couples need to adopt a particular approach of making decisions about the phenomenon, owing to the side effects of naked marriage (Gupta, Ebenstein Sharygin, 2010). Such positions are shared among the other respondents who stick to the opinion that this kind of marriage does not result to prosperity. Based on the kind of decision that the young people make before marriage, some of the interviewees noted that minimal economic progress could be achieved if the young people decide to marry without acquiring the necessities, which would make their marriage meaningful (Gungor, 2009).Advertising Looking for report on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This is because there are chances that the different decisions, which the youths make, involve various situational variables, but are done without adequate consultation. As well, many respondents noted the importance of understanding the various reasons for the youth’s engagement in naked marriage. According to Cohen, the claim is pragmatic other than unnecessarily laying blame on them for having married without acquiring the necessities such as a car, a house and enough money to organise a descent wedding (Cohen, 2012). The people should understand that the style of marriage that the young person chooses is only suitable for him/her, and to some instances, certain personal decisions and the implication of its implementation. Therefore, the majority of the respondents agreed that it is apparent that the situation of the person organising the marriage is most important while trying to understand Luohun and one should apply the perception during the study. In addition, the resp ondents also stated categorically that a young person is dynamic and makes decisions depending on the prevailing conditions, perhaps out of compulsion. Thus, the situation might explain the rise of Luohun (China.org.cn, 2011). In addition, they also believed that the young people have the ability to alter their decision making criteria and absolutely change the process of implementation, making it very difficult to eradicate the practice in most communities in China. Finally, it is apparent that the shared position should be that the concerned young people should aim at brining up a joyful family through working hard and acquiring the mentioned necessities before the actual marriage time comes (Corinne, 2011). As well, naked marriage could be applicable in any certain marital setting, and has the probability of determining the person’s progress and triumph (Chang Wang, 2011). Personal Analysis of the Responses and the Phenomena From a personal experience in the practice, the level of preparedness between the expecting couples and their family members would affect the choices that the people make based on the suitability of such decisions. This is because the practicing community is dynamic and keeps on changing in terms of policies and ideologies. Truly, this signifies that the kind of marriage must assume a dynamic tendency depending of the changes that have been introduced in the region or the youth’s situations in such communities. As a result, it is important to understand that contingency explanation works depending on the kind of variables at hand, and could be used in educating the youth on the impacts of Luohun in their lives and the subsequent generation. In addition, the level of preparedness between the expecting couples and their family members would affect the choices that the people make based on the suitability of such decisions. This is because the practicing community is dynamic and keeps on changing in terms of policies and ide ologies. Truly, this signifies that the kind of marriage must assume a dynamic tendency depending of the changes that have been introduced in the region or the youth’s situations in such communities. As a result, it is imperative to understand that contingency explanation works depending on the kind of variables at hand, and could be used in educating the youth on the impacts of Luohun in their lives and the subsequent generation. Methodology The research will employ qualitative methodologies in conducting the study. Specifically, the study will involve random sampling of 40 people for interview. The selected people will be those who have background on Chinese history. This method is appropriate because it limits the chances of biased selection of the participants. Conclusion In summary, it is worth noting that the form of naked marriage employed in any particular marriage institution or setting has the potential to determine the development of the followers and marriage inst itution or setting itself. In addition, there are many explanations for naked marriages because similar researches have identified some among the practicing community, such as contingency, situational, behavioral explanations and others. It is also important to understand that naked marriage development is an art that can be learnt and perfected through proper and effective training practices especially in a field that is dynamic such as practicing. This means that the quality of a leader in a field such as practicing can only be determined by the leader’s ability to adapt to the changes that keep happening in the field. References Allan, C. (2012). Buck Naked Marriage. Kindle Edition: Kindle eBooks. Chang, L Wang, F. (2011). å… ³Ã¤ ºÅ½80Ã¥ Å½Ã¢â‚¬Å"è £ ¸Ã¥ ©Å¡Ã¢â‚¬ Ã§Å½ °Ã¨ ± ¡Ã§Å¡â€žÃ§ ¤ ¾Ã¤ ¼Å¡Ã¥ ­ ¦Ã¦â‚¬ Ã¨â‚¬Æ'. (Social Science Edition). Journal of Northwest AF University, vol.11, no.4. China.org.cn, (2011). Naked Marriage Challenges Traditions. Web. Cohen, H. (2 012). Naked Dating. New York, NY: St Martin’s Griffin. Corinne, D. (2011). â€Å"Why more women in Beijing are delaying marriage.† The Christian Science Monitor, pp. 5. Retrieved from ProQuest Central. Ford, P. (2011). â€Å"Naked marriages’ on rise in China.† The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved from ProQuest Central. Graham, L. (2012). Roccanti’s Marriage Revenge. London: Mills Boon Modern. Gungor, M. (2009). Laugh Your Way to a Better Marriage: Unlocking the Secrets to Life, Love, and Marriage. New York, NY: Atria Books. Gupta, M., Ebenstein, A. Sharygin, E. (2010). China’s Marriage Market and Upcoming Challenges for Elderly Men. (Policy Research Working Paper). The World Bank Development Research Group. Lan, Y. (1991). Bare Marriage Times: To Teach Women to Fashion Naked into a Happy Marriage Golden Wedding. Beijing: Jiangsu Literature and Art. McCarthy, J. (2007). Life Laughs: The Naked Truth about Motherhood, Marriage, and Moving on. Kindle Edition: Kindle eBooks. Sun, M. (2008). â€Å"æ µâ€¦Ã¨ ® ºÃ¥Å¸Å½Ã¥ ¸â€šÃ© «ËœÃ¦Ë† ¿Ã¤ » ·Ã¥ ¯ ¹Ã¦Å¾â€žÃ¥ » ºÃ¥â€™Å'è ° Ã§ ¤ ¾Ã¤ ¼Å¡Ã§Å¡â€žÃ¥ ½ ±Ã¥â€œ Ã¢â‚¬ .ä ¸ ­Ã¥â€º ½Ã©â€ºâ€ Ã¤ ½â€œÃ§ » Ã¦ µÅ½.† Ã¥ ¹ ´Ã§ ¬ ¬Z2æÅ"Ÿ. Vallotton, K. Vallotton, J. (2011). Moral Revolution: The Naked Truth about Sexual Purity. Shippensburg: Destiny Image Publishing. Xinzhen, L. (2010). â€Å"Taming the Real Estate Market.† Beijing Review, vol. 53(18), pp. 34. This report on Research Proposal about Naked Marriage was written and submitted by user Lillianna Suarez to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Civil War Inevitability essays

Civil War Inevitability essays THE INEVITABILITY OF THE BREAKUP OF THE UNION The breakup of the Union was inevitable. The south was always going to secede; it was just a question of when. The southern and northern states varied on many issues. There were deep economic, social, and political differences between the north and the south. All of this was a different interpretation of the United States Constitution on both sides. In the end, all of these disagreements led to the Civil War. There were reasons other than slavery for the souths secession.(5) The south relied heavily on agriculture, as opposed to the north which was highly populated by factories. The south grew cotton, which was its main cash crop. Many southerners knew that heavy reliance on agriculture would hurt the south, but their warnings were not heeded.(1) Constitutionally the north favored a loose interpretation of the United States Constitution. They wanted to grant the federal government increased powers. The South wanted to reserve all undefined powers to the individual states. T he south relied upon it for their economic well being. The norths economy was not reliant on such labor. This issue overshadowed all others.(5) Southerners compared slavery to the wage-slave system of the North. Southerners believed the slaves received better care than the northern factory workers did. Many southern preachers proclaimed that slavery was sanctioned in the Bible. Thomas Dew, a professor from William and Mary, said that all of the patriarchs of the bible were slaveholders. Abraham had more than three hundred. (4) After the American Revolution slavery died in the North, just as it was becoming more popular in the South. By the time of 1804 seven of the northern most states had abolished slavery. During this time a surge of democratic reform swept the North and West. There were demands for political equality and economic and social advances. Northerners said that slavery revoke...

Resistance and Opposition in the GDR

Resistance and Opposition in the GDR Even though the authoritarian regime of the German Democratic Republic (GDR) lasted for 50 years, there had always been resistance and opposition. In fact, the history of socialist Germany started out with an act of resistance. In 1953, only four years after its creation, the Soviet Occupiers were forced to take back control over the country. In the Uprising of June 17th, thousands of workers and farmers put down their tools in protest of new regulations. In some towns, they violently drove the municipal leaders from their offices and basically ended the local reign of the â€Å"Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands† (SED), the GDR’s single ruling party. But not for long. In the larger cities, such as Dresden, Leipzig, and East-Berlin, large strikes took place and workers assembled for protest marches. The Government of the GDR even took refuge to the Soviet Headquarters. Then, the Soviet Representatives had enough and sent in the military. The troops quickly suppressed the uprising by brutal force and restored the SED Order. And despite the dawn of the GDR was coined by this civil uprising and despite there always being some kind of opposition, it took more than 20 years, for the Eastern German Opposition to take a clearer form. Years of Opposition The year 1976 turned out to be a crucial one for the opposition in the GDR. A dramatic incident awoke a new wave of resistance. In protest against the atheist education of the country’s youth and their oppression by the SED, a priest took to drastic measures. He set himself on fire and later died of his injuries. His actions forced the protestant church in the GDR to re-evaluate its attitude towards the authoritarian state. The regime’s attempts to play down the priest’s acts triggered even more defiance in the population. Another singular but influential event was the expatriation of the GDR-Songwriter Wolf Biermann. He was very famous and well-liked both German countries, but had been forbidden to perform due to his criticism of the SED and its policies. His lyrics kept being distributed in the underground and he became a central spokesperson for the opposition in the GDR. As he was allowed to play in the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), the SED took the opportunity to revoke his citizenship. The regime thought that it had gotten rid of a problem, but it was deeply wrong. Numerous other artists voiced their protest in light of the expatriation of Wolf Biermann and were joined by a lot more people from all social classes. In the end, the affair led to an exodus of important artists, heavily damaging the GDR’s cultural life and reputation. Another influential personality of the peaceful resistance was the author Robert Havemann. Being freed from death row by the Soviets in 1945, at first, he was a strong supporter and even a member of the socialist SED. But the longer he lived in the GDR, the more he felt the discrepancy between the SED’s real politics and his personal convictions. He believed, that everyone should have the right to his own educated opinion and proposed a â€Å"democratic socialism†. These views got him expelled from the party and his ongoing opposition brought him a string of intensifying punishments. He was one of the strongest critics of Biermann’s expatriation and on top of criticizing the SED’s version of socialism, he was an integral part of the independent peace movement in the GDR. A Struggle for Freedom, Peace, and the Environment As the Cold War heated up at the beginning of the 1980s, the peace movement grew in both German Republics. In the GDR, this meant not only fighting for peace but also opposing the government. From 1978 on, the regime aimed at completely imbue the society with militarism. Even kindergarten teachers were instructed to educate the children in vigilance and to prepare them for a possible war. The Eastern German peace movement, that now also incorporated the protestant church, joined forces with the environmental and anti-nuclear movement. The common enemy for all of these opposing forces was the SED and its oppressive regime. Sparked by singular events and people, the opposing resistance movement created an atmosphere that paved the way for the peaceful revolution of 1989.

Media Production - This is England Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Media Production - This is England - Essay Example The continuous whisper of ‘war’, soulful blast, and meaningless foreign conflict, which are undertaken for hidden desires and the obscured racism, are a clear reminder of England’s past (Brussat 2013) Location This Is England was entirely filmed in the East Midlands, an irregular landscape of flatlands and estate buildings with poor infrastructure development. Most of the movie’s shooting was done in the residential areas at Nottingham, Lenton, and some parts of St Ann’s. Meadow’s movie production history demonstrates the utilization of countryside region to form spectacular film background. Similarly, Meadow’s in his movie â€Å"This Is England† concentrates much on the countryside as part of the flat landscape, which portrays much of unemployment and few chances of self-development. This environment gives the viewer a chance to meet Shane Meadow’s in his boyhood age of twelve years whose father perishes in the war agains t Argentina (Goldsmith 2006) Themes The death of Shaun father leaves him exposed to tyrants in the streets and school compound whereby one moment a garrulous skinhead schoolmate takes him off course. The fact that Shaun kept his own counsel worsens his anger making it tough for him to get well with other boys, which leads to a lonely self-life in the firsts scenes of the movie. With time, Shaun finds unusual friends who have no taste for education and spent most of their time in criminal activities such as excessive drinking and street fights. Shaun gets a strange haircut to please the gang of skinheads that was much focused on racial antagonism. Fortunately, a conflict arises over the leadership of the gang leading the head of the gang, Woody, to split. Combo an ex-convict takes the readership of the opposing group that seemed to possess racism. The arrival of Combo from prison changes the plot whereby Combo’s numerous fights with blacks in jail led to his acquisition of bel ligerency experience. Combo’s comeback draws boundaries in the gang’s union whereby he challenges the skinheads led by Woody to guard England against external influence and encourages Milky to behave more like an Englishman and not just like a Jamaican (IMDb 2007). During the leadership struggle of the gang, Shaun turns on the side of Combo with a conviction that his father did not die in vain after, which he is trained on combat as well as survival for the fittest techniques. Considerably, â€Å"This Is England† title of the movie and Combo’s entreaty reveal the actual nature of England’s politics and cultural background. A great embrace of English heritage, as brought out by the Combo, shows a sense of social purity and racism. On the other hand, the viewer is able to view England that is struggling to be recognized as being in a mixed state and assimilated by colonial influences, which erode the native English culture and mix it with that of the irs (Goldsmith 2006). However, Meadow’s plot concentrates on the theme where the struggle for heritage gives birth to racism. In a later scene, national front meeting attended by British farmers and factory workers is clandestinely arranged behind a pub, which becomes one of the most scaring parts of the film that is full of engraved terror on what would be the next scene (French 2006) The spilt gang leaders, Combo and Woody, are able to care for honest and bullying skinhead boy under their reign.  

Reflecting paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Reflecting paper - Essay Example The results also mean that I am likely to remember facts and procedures, to be objective and logical, and to be composed. In relation to my learning approach, I understood why I follow a routine in my studies. I did not make any routine. I follow a plan in my schedule and have specific times in which I break for meals or for rest. The learning style of ISTJ explained to me the behavior that I have been following. I also now understand that developing a sequential plan for learning can help in improving my learning outcome. My MBTI preferences also helped me to understand why I am often under stress. Overworking me and trying to ensure that everything is perfect are the causes of my stress. I also learnt that I have not been seeking solutions to my problem from outside sources and changing my approach can help me in managing stress. One of the examples of how my MBTI preferences play out in my life is in my approach to problem solution. When I face a challenge, I think about my previous experiences in order to develop a solution. I also try to analyze the problem and its causes in order to develop solution. These approaches are consistent with my preferences for introversion, thinking and judging. Objectivity is another element of my MBTI preferences and is evident in my movement to the United States for my studies. I learnt that the United States offers better quality of education and better chances for employment and desire for a stable and well paying career influenced my decision. This means I was objective and I believe the preferences influenced my decision. MBTI provides the insight that preferences that a person has are not easy to change. When I reflect at my life decisions, I realize that I have been consistent in the decisions. This means that even though I changed my environment and I have improved in my education, my preferences remain the same. I therefore believe that other people also maintain their preferences. Change in

Negative Body Image Essay Example for Free

Negative Body Image Essay A study showed that women experience an average of 13 negative thoughts about their body each day, while 97% of women admit to having at least one â€Å"I hate my body† moment each day (raderprograms). Teens today are faced with many pressures: how they dress, who their friends are, who they are going to date, and most importantly, what they look like. In today’s society, body image is more than just the mental picture a person has of what their body looks like. For many, body image is also a reflection of how they feel about themselves and their lives. People with a negative body image believe that if they do not look right, other things, such as their personality, intelligence, social skills, or capabilities, also are not right. They think that if they fix their bodies, all their other problems will disappear. This can result in unhealthy weight management practices and an unhealthy relationship with food. People excessively diet and exercise out of fear of gaining weight. The media today portrays stick thin women with beautiful faces and size 0 bodies, but the truth is, the majority of runway models meet the Body Mass Index (BMI) criteria to be considered anorexic (raderprograms). When influenced by role models like these, teenagers start to feel inferior if they do not look the same. In turn, when put under the pressure of women in the media, teenagers will most likely develop a negative body image, eating or mood disorder, or other unhealthy addictions if they feel their bodies do not â€Å"measure up† to those of women portrayed. Negative body image is a serious issue that can be greatly influenced by today’s media. Body image refers to a person’s feelings about how attractive their body is. Celebrities like Kate Moss are 30+% under their ideal body weight, along with this, adolescent girls are more afraid of gaining weight than getting cancer, losing their parents, or nuclear war (raderprograms). Research has shown that media exposure to unattainable physical perfection is detrimental to people, especially women, and that the detrimental effects are currently more the rule than the exception (An Intervention for the Negative Influence on Body Esteem 405-418). Negative body image affects all aspects (physical, mental, social, and spiritual) of the body negatively and cause problems like depression, anxiety and social anxiety. Roughly half of the women in the U. S. wear size 14 or larger though most standard clothing retailers only cater to size 14 and smaller (raderprograms). Having a negative body image can be detrimental to a person’s self-esteem; they will always scrutinize themselves in mirrors and be envious to other’s bodies, whether it is celebrities, friends or even complete strangers. Many people with a negative body image will start to diet to control their weight and get it to where they want it to be. At any given time, one in every three women and one in any four men are on a diet (raderprograms). People diet to be thinner and more attractive, to look like people they see in the media. A People magazine survey showed that 80% of female takers felt that women in movies and television programs made them feel insecure about their bodies (raderprograms). The media is very negative towards people who are not as small as models and (most) actresses. The average U. S. model weighs 117 lbs and is 5’11†, while the average U. S. woman weighs 140 lbs and is 5’4† (raderprograms). The media also is a very strong advocate of dieting and especially diet pills. While dieting can be done healthily, some teenagers abuse dieting; 73% of teenage girls who abuse diet pills and 79% of teenage girls who self-purge (the act of forcibly making themselves vomit or abusing laxatives to not absorb calories) frequently read women’s fitness and health magazines (raderprograms). People who diet have an increased amount of depression due to body image and not getting the results they expect. Thirty-five percent of â€Å"occasional dieters† progress into pathological dieting (disordered eating) and as many as 25% advance to full blown eating disorders (raderprograms). Medical researchers believe that 80 percent of all eating disorders started with a diet (The Causes of Negative Body Image). Media causes teens to feel insecure and have low self-esteem. It is one of the leading causes of Eating Disorders in the United States. Eating Disorders affect 10+ million females and 1+ million males (raderprograms). Many teens suffer from eating disorders and it majorly affects a person’s life. â€Å"When you have an eating disorder at a young age, you can’t shake it easily. I’ve suffered with anorexia and bulimia since I was 12 years old, along with severe depression and anxiety disorders. It was largely influenced by the media and the pressure to be thin. You’re always pre-occupied with the voices telling you not to eat this, or not to eat that because you want to be thin, right? It’s always there and it’s hard. You know what you’re doing is wrong, but man does it feel so right. † (Billstein). For females between the ages 15-24 who suffer from anorexia, the mortality rate associated with the illness is twelve times higher than he death rate of ALL other causes of death (raderprograms). When a person develops an eating disorder they may also become addicted to exercise along with restricting calories. Exercise addiction is maladaptive, causing more harm than benefits. People become addicted to exercise in order to be thinner. This is usually paired with an eating disorder or negative body image. A person will exe rcise and burn off every calorie that they have consumed during the day and run their calorie count into the negatives so they do not absorb any calories at all. â€Å"I feel in control of my body when I exercise. I can see exactly how many calories I have burnt out of my body; being able to burn the small amount of calories that I have managed to eat just feels good. † (Billstein). About 10% of gym users have exercise addiction. Another disorder that ties in with eating disorders is Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD). BDD is â€Å"imagined ugliness†, where a person picks apart everything about themselves until their self-esteem is very low, making them susceptible to mood disorders. It is the gateway drug to eating disorders and negative body image, depression, anxiety and other altered mood disorders. 0% of people diagnosed with eating disorders also suffer from BDD. â€Å"When I look at myself in the mirror, I don’t see what other people see. I see a girl with a large forehead, big thighs, a fat stomach and beady little eyes. I hate my body so much that what I see is totally transformed and disgusting. I don’t want to look like this, that’s why I resorted to o ther things that I could control: eating and how much. † (Billstein). When a person has depression, anxiety, eating disorders or other altered mood disorders they may become addicted to unhealthy activities. An unhealthy addiction that many people, teenagers primarily, form is self-harm. It has many names: self-injury, self-injurious behavior, self-abuse, self-cutting, and repetitive self-harm syndrome. It is most often called self-mutilation. Regardless of what name a person uses, it is the intentional destruction or alteration of one’s own body tissue without conscious suicidal intent (How Negative Body Image Affects the Body and Mind). Self-harm consists of any bodily injury whether it be cutting, burning, scratching, picking or preventing the healing of wounds. Individuals self-harm to release pain. Some people say they self-mutilate because they are emotionally numb and it helps them feel something. When cutting, the person feels in control of the pain, while on the inside, they cannot control mental pain from disorders or depression. Those who cut feel a relief afterwards but it gets more intense of an addiction the longer it goes. They experience strong cravings to harm themselves and withdrawals when in recovery. â€Å"I cut because I can control it. I’m not saying that it’s a good thing, but I’m in recovery and I have relapsed. It takes control of your mind; you’re in a sad state when you take that blade to your skin. You have the scars forever to remember the times you’ve been through, but they show strength not weakness. They’re battle scars and they show that you’ve conquered, not been defeated, you’re still alive and here, and that’s beautiful. † (Billstein). 90% of self-injury individuals begin harming themselves during their teen years or younger. (Cutting: Self Injury Facts amp; Statistics). Only 4% of women in the world truly think they are beautiful (raderprograms). There are some positive body image influences in the media including Dove skincare. They have the ‘Real Beauty’ campaign showing moderate to plus size models in a positive atmosphere. There is a drastic difference between Dove’s ‘Real Beauty’ campaign (Figure 1) and Victoria’s Secret’s new ‘Love My Body’ campaign (Figure 2). Some forms of media are only positive to a certain weight group (i. e: ‘Love My Body’ campaign). Women should not be ashamed of their bodies, they should embrace them and show off their best features. â€Å"You’re going to be in this body for the rest of your life, so you might as well learn to like it† (Billstein). Figure 1 (Rana). Figure 2 (McDonell-Parry). Overall, negative body image is a very dangerous issue to have because it can lead to destructive behaviors like eating disorders, low self-esteem, mood disorders, exercise addiction and other unsafe body disorders. When teenagers are put under the pressure of women in the media, they are at a higher risk of developing a negative body image, eating or mood disorders and other unsafe addictions if their bodies are not as slim.

Investigate how the change in concentration affects the rate of :: GCSE Chemistry Coursework Investigation

Investigate how the change in concentration affects the rate of reaction between sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric acid Introduction I am trying to find out how the change in concentration affects the rate of reaction between sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric acid. I predict that the higher the concentration of sodium of thiosulphate, the quicker the rate of reaction will be between the two substances. The scientific reason for my prediction is due to the collision theory. The collision theory is, that in order for chemicals to react they must come into contact with each other (collide). However, not all collisions result in chemical reactions as sometimes the particles just bounce off each other. The particles must have sufficient energy when they collide to react. If you increase the number of collisions, you increase the rate of reaction. Therefore, a higher concentration means a greater number of collisions. Diagram Preliminary Testing This is the word equation for the reaction between the two substances: Sodium + Hydrochloric Sodium + Sulphur + Sulphur + Water Thiosulphate Acid Chloride Dioxide Na2S2O3 + HCl NaCl + SO2 + S + H2O ( aq ) + ( aq ) ( aq ) + ( g ) + ( s ) + ( l ) Before I start the investigation, by having preliminary tests I can find a volume of each solution that I can use where I am able to complete the investigation in a reasonable period of time. When I am undergoing my experiment I will be making one variable. By changing the concentration of sodium thiosulphate, this is done by adding water to the solution. As I change the amount of water I put into the solution the concentration of it is changing. The more water that is put into the solution the weaker the concentration will become. To get my preliminary results I set up the experiment as above in the diagram section, and you use different amounts of the solutions. Use a burette to measure the amounts of the solutions needed, and put them into separate beakers. Using a funnel at the top of the burette to pout the solution into. After firstly using a measuring cylinder to measure the solution. Use a stopwatch to time how long it takes for the cross underneath the conical flask to disappear, as the solutions are mixed together. As the reaction turns the two colourless liquids, into a milky colour afterwards. Repeat the procedure with different amounts of the solutions, working out the best amounts that I could use for experiment. These are the results that I received: ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Amount of H2O Amount of sodium Amount of hydrochloric Time Taken

The Impact of Industrialisation and Technology on Environment

With the rapid development of economy, people who live in contemporary society certainly own a different life in terms of contrasting their parents. There is a wide and profound change, especially in the progressive technology, which lead to the world becomes increasingly industrialization. The ever-accelerated developing of science and technology have changed citizens’ lifestyle and the way they get along with others. Nevertheless, from another perspective, there are considerable environmental problems arising.One of such problems is water pollution, along with the reasons which result in this difficulty and its solutions will be explained and evaluated as well. There is a quite clearly saying that water is the most important source of life and each individual needs it everyday. It is undoubtedly that water exists on the planet as the most precious natural resource since over 70% of the Earth’s surface is made up of it. People use water for many different ways, for ins tance, drinking, bathing, irrigating crops and so on.Everyone cannot survive without the seemingly invaluable water which is made of hydrogen and oxygen: water is essential for everything on the planet to grow and prosper. Even though the human beings recognize this fact, they still neglect it by polluting rivers, lakes, and oceans. ‘For a world that is 70% water, things are drying up fast. Only 2. 5% of water is fresh, and only a fraction of that is accessible’ (Kluger & Dorfman, 2002, p. 6). To the great disappointment, water resources have been seriously polluted.It is reported that it is hard to find pure and clean water on the Earth now. People are gradually but surely damaging the planet where organisms are dying at a very alarming rate. Some researches have been done to reflect the serious problem, which informed each person that half of the world’s population is facing water pollution. There are approximately 250 million people got sick because of water p ollution, and 5 to 10 million died among them. According to the survey results, ‘in the US 40% rivers and 46% lakes are too polluted’ (2012), Water pollution, last accessed 29 June 2012. 1. trillion gallons of dirty effluent and waste rubbish are poured into rivers and lakes of US each year. Among the numerous polluted rivers, the situation of Asian rivers is the most terrible in the world. Several major rivers of China were tested in the year of 2004, and the result of test reflected that half of them were not suitable for people to drink. The rivers and lakes of Europe were tested as well between the year 2004 and 2005, and the situation is also awful that 10% of them were too polluted to be used. In addition, water pollution will not only do harm to people but also to aquatic animals and plants.As it is getting increasingly serious, nobody on the earth would relax and they are not able to do anything about it. The situation which gives rise to the problem will be ana lyzed in the following parts. ‘Point source pollution comes mainly from industrial facilities and municipal wastewater treatment plants’ (Peirce, J. & Weiner, F. & Vesilind, P. 1997, p. 32). Thousands of the factories have been set up in a quite short period of time along with the rapid development of industry, which release poisonous water, gases and other wastes everyday.As a result of chemicals and sewages are poured directly into rivers and lakes by various factories, the water will become poisonous and its oxygen will be exhausted, which results in many aquatic organisms to die. Most of these wastes that are poured into water are not biodegradable. Therefore, nearly all factories discharge waste into the rivers to different extent, which result in water pollution. In addition, garbage especially plastics and other plastic-like substances is one of the reason that give rise to water pollution as well. Some plastic like nylon will do great harm to fish and other mari ne animals.As a result of plastic can be broken down into tiny pieces that will be eaten by sea creatures and may easily lead to their death finally. Plastic is also a killer of water pollution because it will continue to kill more fish and plants. Last but not least causes of water pollution relate to personal care and household products. For instance, Shampoo, lotion, bleach, laundry detergent, and other pollutants. Both of above are accelerating the deterioration of water pollution. Consequently, human waste is not the only thing that causes pollution, these above products also join the sewage to contaminate the water.In order to improve this bad situation, some measures should be taken. For the sake of leave individuals and their future generations a scenic global environment, it is the obligation of each citizen to play a significant role and participate in environmental conservation. In the first place, everyone should establish an economic sense  that all trouble makers   should pay for the pollution. The section of government can increase the tax, and the collected money will be used to cleaning up pollution. Only everyone has an awareness of protecting the environment can this terrible situation be improved.The solution to this difficulty is the need for a collective consciousness. What is meant by this is that each individual must be aware of the impact he or she has on the world and their unique part to play in this world. Therefore, the public should hold some educational campaigns like acknowledge institute to arouse the consciousness of each individual to protect water. This is a very good and feasible measure to deal with the water pollution. In addition, technology can help to improve the quality of water as well.And clean technologies can product much less pollution. Consequently, government should offer financial support to set up sewage treatment station. It is a good way of returning water to a river without pollution. The quality of wat er will be improved greatly owing to these equipments. However, there are also some old technologies, which can not help to deal with sewage. According to this phenomenon, industrialized countries should collaborate with those developing countries closely for the purpose of the rich countries will not just export old and obsolete technologies.This solution is available as well to improve the awful situation of water pollution. Finally what have to mention is that many rivers have become the home of cans, bottles, glass and plastics because some of people are used to pouring dirty sewage and harmful chemicals into rivers, others throw  garbage into them. According to this phenomenon, citizens should abandon the bad manners and also not to use chemicals. At the same time, farmers should use other ways to kill weeds and bugs. For instance, they can pull weeds by hand.In general, people can protect the precious water in only one way: preventing the harmful chemicals from entering wate r. Based on the above analysis, it would be relatively safe to come to a conclusion that the problem of water pollution will destroy the organisms on the earth to a great extent. Congress has passed regulations to fight with water pollution which informed each individual the fact that water pollution is indeed a serious issue. Everyone has responsibility to protect water and make a better friendly environment.Therefore, each individual should spare no effort to achieve this goal because the government alone cannot deal with the entire problem of water pollution. Bibliography Peirce, J. & Weiner, F. & Vesilind, P (1997) ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION and CONTROL, Netherlands: Elsevier Science & Technology Books Kluger, J. & Dorfman, A. (2002) The Challenges We Face. (Cover story). Time, 160(9), A6 Student of Shanghai (2012) Water pollution [WWW] Available from: http://old. jfdaily. com/gb/node2/node9140/node43355/node44009/node44769/userobject1ai1336749. html [Accessed 29/06/2012]

Class Prophecy

Everyone has a dream he wants to pursue and achieve. As they say, there is nothing wrong to dream and aim high especially for the children like us who have the courage to overcome trials and obstacles to reach the star that we’ve been dreaming to get someday. But if you were to write your own prophecy of the future, what would it be? Would it be a once-upon-a-time story? Or a happy-ever-after one? For the six years that we have been together, we have shared our dreams and ambitions with one another. Some want to be a superior pilot while many of us dream of being a professional journalist.Now that we are about to graduate, we have reached the climax of achieving our goals in life. Here is my prophecy of the future and how the Galileans value their dreams with our future diverged in a yellow wood. â€Å"Congratulations! † The professor happily told me when I graduated in college. But something bothered me for awhile. What have happened to my elementary classmates now tha t we graduated in College? I wondered. To achieve my dream of being a professional journalist, I went to Los Angeles to learn more and to know more. I worked hard and studied hard in journalism.At last, I did it!! I am now a highly-qualified journalist and known all over the world. I pursue my career in New York where I worked in a famous publication as a news writer and wrote editorials about the latest issues. I earned a lot and made my own novel known as â€Å"The Forsaken Love† featuring the love story of my past friends. It was a hit and was liked by many people so there came another opportunity. So I made a new novel featuring my own story. I was famously known all over the world so someone called me on the phone and invited me to a talk show.I can’t believe it, the host was Diane, my childhood classmate and friend. We talked about our lives. I said, â€Å"Hey, how are you? †. Then she answered ,†Oh, I’m fine. I also write novels and stories a bout friendship†. I was so proud of her that she achieved her dream of being a famous journalist and a well-known author. Suddenly, an unexpected text message came into our sight. We read the message on the phone and stated,† Dear Grade School classmates (Galileans) batch 2011-2012, you are all invited to our reunion that will be held at Pin’s Hotel, 8 pm.Hope you can come. SEE YOU!! †. Diane said,† Hey, I’ll go! †. Then I said,† Me too. I wonder how they’re doing right now and besides I miss them already†. She told me,† Ok see you tomorrow at 8. † Then the awaited day came, I arrived there just on time. I cannot believe it, almost everything had changed. Jego who was so small looked so matured and became a skilled pilot. I was looking for Glaysa and there she arrived with her purple dress and believe it or not, she was a certified teacher of Cambridge University.I talked with her for a moment and saw Carina gracefully walked on the carpet. We were glad that she is now a highly-qualified doctor for discovering medicines to cure serious diseases such as cancer without suffering from any chemotherapies. And there came Angela with her head high for being an outstanding scientist who first invented an Earthquake Detector successfully in her generation. The ever stylish Yannina came to the place with her nice outfit became a famous fashion designer and didn’t expect cooking to be her profession in Paris, the home of the best chefs in the world.Then a group came in. The boys namely Dave, Lauren, Sean and Earl along with the good ‘ol singer Alyssa,were there carrying their guitars and drums. I never thought that they will make their own band. But their childhood fantasy happened in reality. They have made their own band known in the Philippines as the â€Å"Band Aid†. Many of us arrived including Marymil who became a talented essayist and Mona who turned out to be a good th eatre actress together with her best friend, Rachel.There also came James who in grade school was the best artist became a very talented painter all over the globe. Nicole and Chubie became hip-hop dancers in the United States and Joeana excelled being a professional dance instructor and she taught many famous actors in the showbiz industry how to dance. Fatima who dreamed of being a singer has released her album and were bought by many people. all of us were there, enjoying and living the time. Band Aid played performed many songs and became the star of the night.They rocked the party while we were having fun. All that we could do that night id to reminisce the moments and memories we’ve had together while our grade school pictures were flashed in the screen. I was happy that all of us have reached the star that we’ve been dreaming to get. I hope that this prophecy of mine would come true someday. Whenever you face many trials and obstacles, never give up even though how hard it s, it is just the challenge for you to be a better person. So live life and remember, YOU ARE THE RULER OF YOUR OWN DESTINY.

Dogma essays

Dogma essays According to the Catholic encyclopedia Dogma signifies an opinion or that which seems true to a person; sometimes, the philosophical doctrines or tents and especially the distinct philosophical doctrines. The main character of the movie is Bethany whom is a catholic that doesnt enjoy attending church and is questioning her faith, which she apparently lost when she was a young child. She is portrayed as the Hero in the movie. As the movie goes on we learn that she is a distant blood relative of God. At the beginning of the movie she is visited by Metatron, which is the voice of God. He claims he is in the highest choir of Angels, after coming into Bethanys room in a cloud of flames as he tells her about the prophets she is going to meet. In Dogma Metatron is what seems to be a Herald for he is the announcer of the events to take place. As Bethany continues on her voyage she meets two prophets, who do not fit the description of any biblical figures for they talk about sex, smoke drugs and use vulgar language. The journey that Bethany takes is one to New Jersey hoping to follow Metatrons instructions to stop two rebellious angels from entering a church which would then allow them back into heave. She then meets Rufus the movies fictional thirteenth apostle. Rufus is portrayed as a mentor in the movie Dogma. Rufus leads Bethany on her journey and although his features are not old which is commonly seen in a mentor he speaks wisely in the manor of faith and morals. Cardinal Glick can be considered the threshold guardian for they have to try and get him to stop the rededication ceremony of the church. There are many themes we see throughout the course of the movie Dogma. The movie is based on Religion-vs-Faith. In this I mean that it is question what is religion and the meaning of faith. We are consistently reminded in the movie that there has been a fall from good to evil. This i...

Au lieu de - French Expression

Au lieu de - French Expression Expression: Au lieu de Pronunciation: [oh lyeu deu] Meaning: instead of Literal translation: in the place of Register: normal Notes The French expression au lieu de can be translated by instead of or rather than, not to mention the French-English blend in lieu of. However, note the difference in pronunciation: in French, lieu is pronounced [lyeu] (click the sound file above), whereas in American English its pronounced [loo]. Examples Au lieu de can be used in front of an infinitive, a noun, or a demonstrative pronoun:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Je vais à ©crire une lettre au lieu de leur tà ©là ©phoner.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Im going to write a letter rather than calling them.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Viens maider au lieu de rester l ne rien faire  !   Ã‚  Ã‚  Come help me instead of just sitting there! When it precedes a subordinate clause, the expression becomes au lieu que (and requires the subjunctive). However, this usage is somewhat archaic; if at all possible, you should reword the sentence to use au lieu de infinitive.     Ã‚   Au lieu que tout le monde prenne sa voiture, allons-y ensemble. Instead of everyone taking his or her own car, lets all go together. More French Expressions Expressions with Most common French phrasesFrench expressions used in English

Individual Case Study Assessment ( Faslane case study ) Essay

Individual Case Study Assessment ( Faslane case study ) - Essay Example Despite the fact that it is an installation by the Ministry of Defense, it is managed by Babcock Marine which is a part of Babcock International. The paper uses various theories and models to identify changes and differences between earlier management and current outsourced management. It also presents an analytical report on the case study about the leadership styles, the organizational structure and the processes of change as demonstrated in the study. The major objective is to show the changes that took place at Faslane before and after 2002, the drivers and resistors to the change, the organizational structure and the leadership styles with the use of various model and theories formulated as a guide. Faslane Case Analysis Qn. 1 The strategic change context in 2002 at the start of the change process at Faslane can be identified by the use of the change kaleidoscope by Balogun and Hope Hailey and the analysis on factors of change by Lewin Forcefield (David 2005). The strategy invol ves keys issues on change management which include strategy matters, context matters, inertia and resistance and leadership matters. Strategy matters identify need for change, context matter define the right approach to change as determined by circumstance, inertia identifies the existing ways of doing things that results to resisting change and leadership matters portray good leadership at all levels of an organization(David 2005). In diagnosing the change context, the types of change, the context of change is given as well as the Forcefield analysis is given. Strategic change context in Faslane identified four types of change including adaptation, reconstruction, revolution and evolution. The revolution changes involved a clear strategic direction, combining symbolic levers, various styles of managing change, monitoring and working with different aspect of existing culture. On the other side, evolution changes which were both transformational and incremental involved clear strateg ic vision, continuous change and commitment, identifying targets, winning minds and sustained management attitudes(Sadler, 2003). The change kaleidoscope designed by Balogun and Hope Hailey identifies the factors that necessitate change and the contextual features of change. In application to the case study of Faslane, this model is essential in describing the strategic change in 2002. Firstly, Faslane was originally run by the Ministry of Defense and the Royal Navy who decided that they needed to cut their management costs as well as improve their operational effectiveness. As a result, they established partnering arrangements with industrial firm Babcock Marine in 2002, which was then under John Howie. This brings out the need for the change and the contextual feature of time. The scope of the change at Faslane was highly transformational based on the changes in the working personnel, the human resources allocations of time, cultural influences and gradual nature of implementation (Wickham & Wickham, 2008). Secondly, the firm had to shift and obtain different management at the beginning who were conversant with organizational structure change from both marine and navy sides as well as do extensive research and study. The diversity had to be altered and the attitude of the employees towards change was influenced when they noted that it was for the best in the long run. Other factors that were considered included the capability of the management to effect change, the capacity to

Economic and financial markets Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Economic and financial markets - Case Study Example In 1992 Starbucks became a public limited company (www.mhhe.com) through an IPO. The coffee is supplied mainly through its own and franchised coffee-shop chains as well as through supermarkets. Starbucks’ main competitors in the speciality coffee-shop business are Costa Coffee, Barista and Coffee Bean. Though its mainstay remains its coffee brewing business, Starbucks also offers other hot and cold drinks, hot and cold sandwiches, ice cream, pastries and snacks. Many people have bought its mugs and tumblers to express their appreciation for the Starbucks brand. A more recently created Starbucks Entertainment Division and its Hear Music label also offers books, music and films. Clearly Starbucks has expanded from just a coffee label to a much larger enterprise (www.starbucks.com). Comments on Starbucks’ Pricing Strategy In the given assignment, we are asked to comment on the pricing strategy of Starbucks chain. We are told that at a local Starbucks, customers are offered a variety of alternatives with the following price list: Freshly brewed coffee ?1.55 Cafe Latte ?1.99 Capuccino ?1.99 Vanilla Latte ?2.29 Caramel Machiato ?2.65 Cafe Americano ?1.70 Expresso ?1.35 Cafe Mocha ?2.25 White Cafe Mocha ?2.65 The above prices are for the ‘tall’ size of the above beverages. ... tte, Cappuccino and Cafe Americano come in the price range ?1.70 to ?1.99, and the last or uppermost tier is for its fancier offerings such as Vanilla Latte, Cafe Mocha and White Cafe Mocha, costing between ?2.25 and ?2.65 respectively. It is also possible that the people ordering these beverages form different classes of customers for Starbucks. Quite possibly the cost of making these beverages and the additional labour and ingredients that are put in have also affected the final price charged by Starbucks. So we can see that there are three tiers of prices possibly indicating low, medium and high class customer preferences. Anyway as far as a cup of coffee goes, there is not much overall variation between the lowest price of ?1.35 and the highest price of ?2.65 a cup at Starbucks- indeed it is very reasonable and such a price difference will readily be accepted by a consumer (Kotler, 1990). Product pricing theory advises us that when setting the price of a product, we should take i nto account the price elasticity of demand for a product (McConnell & Brue, 2005). However one must regard a cup of coffee as a basic necessity especially in the winter season, so its price elasticity is relatively low. Its only real substitute is tea, but even that loses favour in the winter season. For avowed coffee fanatics, no other beverage will do. Starbucks’ pricing strategy will most likely also be impacted by the price charged by its competitors, whether it is entering into a new marketplace and is willing to offer price discounts in the beginning period, or whether it wants to place itself at the higher end of the market and charge higher prices, focusing only on a select group of high end customers having purchasing power. Obviously it is aided in this by its international

Subject Decision Theory (US MBA course) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Subject Decision Theory (US MBA course) - Essay Example Steve put in all his efforts into the running of the business and managed to make it very successful, so much so that by 1980 the total annual sales went up to more than $2 million. However, after that the company underwent a turn. Steve's son, Jim, joined Blake Electronics in 1984 as a general sales manager. He had completed high school and had obtained a two year course degree in electronics. Jim was said to be quite aggressive and this quality in him did not change after he joined his father's company. In fact, his aggressiveness increased. This led to him making deals with companies which the Blake Electronics was not able to complete. Jim would take contracts to provide the supplies to companies without checking out whether Blake Electronics could manage to fulfil the deal. Due to this Blake Electronics had to face certain embarrassing situations. Still, there was not much harm done yet. By 1988 Jim had started taking government contracts too and two years after that the total sales mounted to greater than $10 million. After that the Company lost the chance of obtaining any more contracts. Jim continued with his behaviour and that led to the government not offering any more contracts to Blake Electronics. This also made the Company lose its reputation and it was termed as an unreliable supplier. Thus, by 1997 there was a great risk of Blake Electronics facing losses. To avoid ... For this he asked the research team of his company to design novel electronic gadgets for home use. The research team came up with the Master Control Center. This was to be sold for $250. The functioning of the device was such that it had two rows of five buttons and each button operated as a switch or a rheostat, depending on what you want. It was powered by two D-sized batteries which lasted till a year or so, depending on how much it is used. According to the research team, this project would cost them $500,000 and if it turned out to be successful, it could bag up to $2 million of sales. Therefore, it surely did sound attractive. However, the problem was that Steve was unsure as to whether this venture would succeed and whether his company would get profits or would lose through this project. In order to solve this problem Steve sent requests for proposals so as to conduct marketing research. Total he sent 30 proposals to business operating in southern California. First of all Marketing Associates, Inc. (MAI) responded. They had offered to charge $100,00 for a survey and according to the information they gave, that company had been operating since three years and were quite a successful business. The second and the last proposal that Steve got was from Iverstine and Kinard. This company had a very good reputation throughout the company and was termed as the largest marketing firm in the region. They were going to charge Steve $500,000 for the survey. Although the cost was higher than of the previous company, Iverstin and Kinard were more able to predict about the sales. This company also did not have as good a record as that of Marketing Associates. However, the fact that they could better be able to make predictions about the Blake

The Effects Of The Hawthorne Experiments Commerce Essay

The Effects Of The Hawthorne Experiments Commerce Essay The Hawthorne experiments were conducted at Western Electrics Hawthorne plant in Illinois, running from 1924 through 1932. These experiments were intended to examine how people would react to certain conditions such as light, heat, and humidity. These variables were altered and produced both expected and unexpected results. Further trials embarked as Professor George Elton Mayo brought an academic research team into the factory, which were among the most extensive social science studies ever conducted. These investigations have been heavily criticized for merely serving the interest of management. However, these accusations can be argued. The Hawthorne investigations did not only have enormous influence on the human factors to management but also on the development of industrial psychology and sociology. Some maintain their opinion that the human relations approach is misinterpreted, leading to major failures. The Hawthorne studies were initially undertaken to investigate the relationship between physical work conditions and employers productivity. But the experiments represented revolutionary work in the field of management and lead to the creation of the human relations movement. These studies broke the boundaries of the management theory of the time, Taylorism. Scientific management, developed by Frederick W. Taylor, was a concentration exclusively on the physical aspects of work, ignoring the psychological needs and capabilities of the worker. Taylors view of management became inadequate due to the findings of the Hawthorne researchers, who revealed that the physical work environment was one of the only many aspects which influence employee productivity. This style of management became known as authoritarian. The human relations school was concerned with the human aspect of work, meaning that interpersonal relations, especially the feelings within working groups were of importance. Gro up harmony, satisfaction of individual needs, and the care for people were vital. By the individual worker being able to participate and involved in the decision making related positively to the productivity. In other words, this represents a democratic way of leadership. Nonetheless, particular studies also point out that productivity is sometimes positively connected to the authoritarian style. Showing that certain people do prefer to be controlled and directed. The primary experiment for the Hawthorne studies was to examine the connection between the illumination intensity and employee productivity. It showed that as the lightning improved in the experimental room, production increased. But production also rose in the control room. Followed by a slight amount of light in the experimental room, production was still rising, while there was constant illumination in the control room However, the results by 1927 were so confusing, that Elton Mayo and an academic research team were invited to continue a variety of inquiries on productivity and the motivation of worker. The next experiment that took place from 1927 to 1933 was the Relay assembly test room. This engaged a small group of female staff taken to work in a Relay assembly room, away from the regular workforce, varying the number and lengths of breaks and working days. The women were cautiously studied and a total of thirteen periods with different rest pauses, hours of work, and breaks for refreshment were conducted. The result of this phase showed that regardless the changes, there was almost no persistent increase in output. This became known as the Hawthorne Effect. This effect refers to the tendency that people act differently when being observed during a research. The results were influenced by this reaction of the small group of women due to the observation of the researchers. The women were not motivated by the improvements of their working conditions or money, but a reason was that working in a group had increased their output. However, in the group work the productivity rose by 15 percent and management made rest breaks more common. Psychologists were especially interested in this particular study. They found it phenomenal that peoples attitudes changed as they were being watched since it seemed more important than changes to the physical work conditions. The Interviewing programme took place from 1928 until 1930. In this period of time 21,000 employees were interviewed. Interviewers began through asking highly structured questions on work and its conditions and then about non-related work issues, e.g. on family and social issues. The friendlier, the more interest the supervisors showed in the individual worker, and the less harsh discipline existed, the more increases in productivity and morale became significant. The researchers learned a great deal about the staffs attitude towards their job. This findings reveal that workers actually lacked social support and that placing individuals in groups had a positive effect. A famous psychologist, Rensis Likert, contended that organizations should be managed as a collection of groups, rather than individuals. The Bank wiring observations room experiments commenced in 1931 until 1932. This test was conducted without any alteration in the working condition. A group of fourteen workers were taken from the production line and observed for six months. Each employee had three different jobs but worked together in order to produce one output. During this time, the group developed its own procedures to defend its own interests. Productivity remained constant and was unaffected by work payments. The group had developed informal rules of behaviour and determined what was a fair days payment for a fair days work. The workers were afraid that if they produced considerably more output, that the daily unit output would be replaced by an increase of expected output. These results show that the social forces were far more important for the worker than the controls and regulations of the organization. Again stressing the meaning for the worker to belong to a group and not be isolated. Communication from t he superior to the employee would eliminate such misunderstandings. The Hawthorne studies did contribute an immense amount to management and served them enormously as we have seen from the various experiments discussed. It was a revolutionary research project at that point of time and discovered a whole new era in the human relations movement. Nevertheless, the Hawthorne reports did affect psychology and sociology. It affected especially the industrial psychology, meaning the observation of specific human behavior. Especially, the Hawthorne effect was in the interest of the psychologists and it became one of the best-known psychological results. The effect has been generalized to every kind of psychological study. However, recently the Hawthorne effect has been reanalyzed and considering it to be a myth. There is no solid evidence that the workers in the relay room felt better in response to personal attention by supervisors and the participation in a new programme. Criticisms always exist with each single new discovery; someone will always have something to declare. It is up to the manager to know how to handle its business. However, it may be true that Mayos conclusions of human relations movement cannot always be applied. Some organizations need more direction and a specific structure for their employees. Finding a midpoint with both the Taylorism and Mayonism would be an effective way of leadership. Further criticisms pronounce that the Hawthorne studies cannot be seen as an accurate research paper. They insist that there was a lack of adequate control in the study. There were rumours that Elton Mayo did not appear, accurately controlled the variables of the experiment, nor noted them down correctly. Supposedly, changes in the number of participants, misinterpretations, and inaccurate history of work circumstances during the study, provided false results. Adair said: In the first 15 experimental psychology textbooks I examined with reference to Hawthorne, not one had described the studies accurately Yet, these factors are minor when considering the real contributions the Hawthorne studies have brought to management and psychology. These are determents that exist but not make the study any less valuable to knowledge. Another ideological critique argues that the studies showed a pro-management bias in favour of manipulating the workforce. However, the key view of management at th at time was Taylorism, which entirely ignored the human element. No matter how many critiques and debates there are about the faults of the Hawthorne studies, the contributions well over take all assumptions. The discovery that physical work conditions were not the prime importance of the worker but also social factors was a break through. The main conclusions that can be drawn from Elton Mayos experiments are it is essential that work is a group activity, the necessity of recognition, need for security, and job satisfaction. Organizations are social systems, not just technical economic systems. It was proven that management requires social skills and not just technical skills. Only giving the employee specific instructions and demands will give the worker the wrong impression. It is necessary to have some contact in order to achieve knowledge of what is going on between the workers. This knowledge can effectively improve the bosss management skill and through this contact earn the necessary respect. Since, the Hawthorne studies are not methodologically precise, it does not reduce the importance of their findings. They were revolutionary, no one before had noticed that human relations were that important to organizational output. Humans were seen as machines until the studies came along. Then the well being of employee s became of significant and changed the way managerial style. In conclusion, it has become evident that there are various approaches to organizational efficiency. The first significant method was scientific management, where the main focus was on the physical aspect of work, also on the individual worker and not group work. Taylor furthermore ignored the importance of other rewards than money, such as achievement and job satisfaction. As the Hawthorne studies were conducted and moved away from Taylorism, which indicated a paradigm shift, redefining the field of management research. It had broken the traditional theory of Taylor and no study had ever had such an impact on management as the Hawthorne investigations. Elton Mayo was known as the main supporter of the human relations movement in management. He stated that in order to motivate people, meaning increase in output and efficiency, the individual worker has to believe that their corporation cares about them, is concerned, and willing to listen. The emotional and social sides were major at tributes of organizational behavior. These studies did have an enormous amount of influence on management but also on sociology and psychology. In spite of all criticisms, the Hawthorne studies still contributed a significant amount and redefined management. It also brought one of the most important results to psychology. Lloyd, Baird S., Post James E., Mahon, John F. Management, Functions and Responsibilities New York: HarperCollins Publishers Inc., 1990. P. 22 Huczynski Andrzej Buchanan David Organizational Behaviour, Fourth edition. Harlow: Prentice Hall Europe, 2001p. 281 Henderson, George Human Relations Issues in Management Westport: Quorum Books, 1996.p. 24 ibid p. 33 Huczynski Andrzej Buchanan David Organizational Behaviour, Fourth edition. Harlow: Prentice Hall Europe, 2001. p. 280 Warner, Malcolm, ed. International Encyclopedia of Business and Management Volume 2, England: Routledge, 1996. p. 1737. Kakabadse Andrew, Ludlow Ron Vinnicombe Susan Working in Organizations, London: Penguin Books, 1978.P. 191 ibid p. 191 ibid p. 192 Huczynski Andrzej Buchanan David Organizational Behaviour, Fourth edition. Harlow: Prentice Hall Europe, 2001 p. 282-283 ibid p. 283 Warner, Malcolm, ed. International Encyclopedia of Business and Management Volume 2, England: Routledge, 1996. p. 1793 ibid p. 1793 Huczynski Andrzej Buchanan David Organizational Behaviour, Fourth edition. Harlow: Prentice Hall Europe, 2001. p. 289 Warner, Malcolm, ed. International Encyclopedia of Business and Management Volume 2, England: Routledge, 1996. p. 1793 Leahley, Thomas Hardy, A History of Modern Psychology, Second edition. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Inc. 1994. p. 364 ibid p. 367 Warner, Malcolm, ed. International Encyclopedia of Business and Management Volume 2, England: Routledge, 1996. p. 1740 ibid p. 1741 ibid p. 1740